From left: Groucho, Gummo, Minnie (mother), Zeppo, Sam (father), Chico, and Harpo The only known photo of the entire surviving Marx family, c. The early performing lives of the brothers owed much to their mother, Minnie Marx (the sister of vaudeville comic Al Shean), who acted as their manager until her death in 1929. Gummo was not in any of the movies Zeppo appeared in the first five films in relatively straight (non-comedic) roles. Both left the act to pursue business careers at which they were successful, and for a time ran a large theatrical agency through which they represented their brothers and others. The two younger brothers, Gummo and Zeppo, never developed their stage characters to the same extent as the elder three. After the group essentially disbanded in 1950, Groucho went on to a successful second career in television, while Harpo and Chico appeared less prominently. The core of the act was the three elder brothers: Chico, Harpo, and Groucho, each of whom developed a highly distinctive stage persona. There was a sixth brother, the first born, named Manfred (Mannie), who died in infancy Zeppo was given the middle name Manfred in his memory. The brothers are almost universally known by their stage names: Chico, Harpo, Groucho, Gummo, and Zeppo. 100 Stars list of the 25 greatest male stars of Classical Hollywood cinema, the only performers to be inducted collectively. The brothers were included in AFI's 100 Years. They are widely considered by critics, scholars and fans to be among the greatest and most influential comedians of the 20th century. Five of the Marx Brothers' thirteen feature films were selected by the American Film Institute (AFI) as among the top 100 comedy films, with two of them, Duck Soup (1933) and A Night at the Opera (1935), in the top fifteen. Eliot.The Marx Brothers were an American family comedy act that was successful in vaudeville, on Broadway, and in motion pictures from 1905 to 1949. In his later years, Groucho became something of a cultural institution, writing several well-received autobiographical books, and making guest appearances with his much-imitated manner but inimitable quips he was revered by film buffs and paid homage to by individuals as disparate as Johnny Carson and T. Chico retired early and Harpo cut back to guest appearances on television, but Groucho remained active, appearing in movies and as the host of a popular television quiz show, You Bet Your Life (1950–61). Zeppo left the team after their first five films, but the remaining three had hit after hit until 1950, with Duck Soup (1933) and A Night at the Opera (1935) arguably their best movies. The four hit Broadway in 1924 in I'll Say She Is and went on to make their first movie, The Cocoanuts in 1929. Gummo left the act early on and was replaced by Zeppo. Sons of German immigrants, they were pushed on the stage by their mother, Minnie Marx (sister of Al Shean of the vaudeville duo, Gallagher & Shean), and began their career in vaudeville as a musical team before switching to the anarchic, surrealist comedy that became their trademark-a mixture of verbal and physical nonsequiturs. Early in its career, the team included Gummo (b. Adolph, but known as Arthur) (1888–1964) and Groucho (b.
Mitchell, The Marx Brothers Encyclopedia (2003).Ĭollins Discovery Encyclopedia, 1st edition © HarperCollins Publishers 2005 Marx Brotherscomedy team all born in New York City. Kanfer: The Essential Groucho: Writings by, for, and about Groucho Marx (2000) S. Marx, Life with Groucho (1954) and Son of Groucho (1972) biographies of Groucho by H. See autobiographies by Groucho (1959) and Harpo (1961) A. Groucho enjoyed a solo career as film actor, television game show emcee, and master raconteur in concert.
Their films include Monkey Business (1931), Horse Feathers (1932), Duck Soup (1933), and A Night at the Opera (1935). Zeppo appeared in their first five films as straight man. Their anarchic, slapstick humor turned dignified settings into playhouses for Groucho's outrageous puns and wisecracks, Harpo's horn honking and girl chasing, and Chico's distorted logic. After starting in vaudeville they made a sensation on Broadway with The Cocoanuts and Animal Crackers, both of which they transferred to film (1929, 1930). The members were Julius (1890?–1977), known as Groucho Arthur (1888?–1964), originally Adolph and known as Harpo Leonard (1887?–1961), known as Chico and two other brothers, Milton (Gummo) and Herbert (Zeppo), who had both left the act by 1935 all were born in New York City.
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Marx Brothers, team of American movie comedians.